TOXICITY OF BINARY MIXTURES OF NICKEL, COPPER, CADMIUM AND ZINC TO DAPHNIA MAGNA By

.................................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Metals and metal mixtures in the environment ........................................................1 1.2 Current regulatory regime 2 1.3 Biotic Ligand Model and ecotoxicity potential .......................................................6 1.4 The need for more robust metal-mixture parameterization ...................................11 1.5 Thesis objectives ....................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2: BINARY MIXTURES OF NICKEL, COPPER, CADMIUM AND ZINC 2.